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Christ Cathedral (Garden Grove, California)

Coordinates: 33°47′15″N 117°53′56″W / 33.787396°N 117.898933°W / 33.787396; -117.898933
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
"Crystal Cathedral" redirects here. For the church organization previously headquartered there, see Shepherd's Grove.

Christ Cathedral
The former Crystal Cathedral
Christ Cathedral in 2018
Map
33°47′15″N 117°53′56″W / 33.787396°N 117.898933°W / 33.787396; -117.898933
CountryUnited States
DenominationCatholic
Previous denominationReformed Church in America (1980–2013)
Websitechristcathedralcalifornia.org
History
Founded1955
Founder(s)Robert H. Schuller
(as Crystal Cathedral)
Dedicated1980 (as Crystal Cathedral)
2019 (as Christ Cathedral)
Consecrated1980 (as Reformed Church in America)
2019 (as Catholic Church)
Architecture
Architect(s)Philip Johnson
John Burgee
StyleModern architecture
Groundbreaking1977
Completed1980
Construction cost$18 million
Administration
DioceseOrange
Clergy
Bishop(s)Kevin Vann
RectorBảo Quốc Thái

Christ Cathedral (Latin: Cathedralis Christi; Spanish: Catedral de Cristo; Vietnamese: Nhà Thờ Chính Tòa Chúa Kitô), formerly and informally known as the Crystal Cathedral, is an American church building and the cathedral of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Orange, located in Garden Grove, California.

The reflective glass building, designed by Philip Johnson/John Burgee Architects, seats 2,248 people.[1][2] After its completion in 1918, it was described as "the largest glass building in the world".[3] The building has one of the largest musical instruments in the world, the Hazel Wright Organ.[4][5]

From its opening in 1981 to 2013, the building was the principal place of worship for Crystal Cathedral Ministries (now Shepherd's Grove), a congregation of the Reformed Church in America that was founded in 1955 by Robert H. Schuller. The ministry's weekly television program, Hour of Power. was formerly produced from the building.

Crystal Cathedral Ministries filed for bankruptcy protection in October 2010 and in February 2012 sold the building and its adjacent campus to the Diocese of Orange for use as its new cathedral. The diocese renovated the building and its interior to accommodate Catholic liturgy.

Following renovation, the diocese consecrated and formally renamed the building as "Christ Cathedral", the seat of the Diocese of Orange,[6][7] on July 17, 2019.[8]

History

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Chrystal Cathedral interior in 2005
Crystal Cathedral in 2009
Crystal Cathedral in 2011

Origins and construction

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Robert H. Schuller and his wife Arvella Schuller founded the Garden Grove Community Church in 1955.[9] A member of the Protestant Reformed Church in America, the congregation first held services at the Orange Drive-In Theatre in Orange, California. The congregants would sit in their cars while Robert Schuller delivered his sermon from the top of the concession stand. He also rented a 300-seat former Baptist church in a different location for those who wanted inside seating.[10]

To accommodate the growth of their congregation, the Schullers in 1958 bought 10 acres in Garden Grove for a larger combination drive-in/sit-in church. Designed by architect Richard Neutra, the new church opened in 1961.[11]

In 1968, the Schullers opened the 13 story Tower of Hope building on the campus for classrooms and office space. It was topped with a large illuminated cross.

The rapid growth of the congregation soon outstripped the capacity of the current church. Schuller then commissioned the architectural firm of Philip Johnson/John Burgee Architects in New York City to design a church with a seating capacity of 2,248 worshipers on the Garden Grove campus.

The congregation began construction of Crystal Cathedral in 1977; it was completed in 1980 at a cost of $18 million (equivalent to $67 million in 2023).[12] The architects designed the cathedral withstand a magnitude 8.0 earthquake. The 10,000 rectangular panes of glass on the building are attached to the framework with a silicone-based glue to mitigate earthquake damage. No crystal glass was used in its construction.[13]

Prayer spire in 2009

After moving into the new sanctuary in 1981, the congregation changed its name to Crystal Ministries.[14] The prayer spire was constructed in 1991. The Crystal Cathedral became the venue for Robert Schuller's Hour of Power television broadcasts on Sunday mornings. These broadcasts regularly reached a worldwide audience of 20 million viewers.[15] n a 2011 Los Angeles Times article, Bishop Tod Brown mentioned that over the years, priests visiting the Diocese of Orange from other countries invariably asked to visit the Crystal Cathedral.[16]

2010 bankruptcy

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By early 2010, Crystal Cathedral Ministries was in deep financial trouble. It was facing multiple lawsuits from unpaid creditors, with one board member estimating that they were $55 million in debt.[17][18]

The ministries' board filed for bankruptcy protection on October 18, 2010, citing $43 million in debt including a $36 million mortgage. Ministries officials said that they tried to negotiate payments but after several suits were filed and writs of attachment were granted, they were forced to declare bankruptcy.[19]After the filing, the ministries received offers for the Crystal Cathedral campus from a real estate investment group and Chapman University in Orange.[20]

Purchase by the Diocese of Orange

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On July 7, 2011, the Diocese of Orange announced that it was "potentially interested" in buying the Crystal Cathedral campus for use as its cathedral.[21] The diocese had previously purchased land in Santa Ana, California, and started planning for construction of a new cathedral there. It was meant to replace Holy Family Cathedral in Orange, which was too small for current diocesan functions. Chrystal Cathedral offered the diocese three main benefits :

  • It was a more central location than the Santa Ana property
  • Renovating Crystal Cathedral would cost far less than building a new cathedral
  • The diocese could readily use the other buildings on the Chrystal Cathedral campus for administrative offices and ministries, further reducing the project cost.

The diocese increased its initial offer of $50 million to $53.6 million, which included a lease-back provision at below market rates that allow Chrystal Cathedral Ministries to rent the campus for a period of time.[22] Sheila Colman, the new director of Chrystal Cathedral Ministries, accepted this offer and on November 17, 2011, a federal bankruptcy judge approved the sale for $57.5 million (equivalent to $78 million in 2023).[23][24]

Days after the judge's ruling, the Italian newspaper La Stampa published an article on the establishment of a Vatican commission "to put a stop to garage style churches, boldly shaped structures that risk denaturing modern places for Catholic worship". La Stampa used a photo of Chrystal Cathedral in the article.[25][26] The Vatican approved the diocese using the Chrystal Cathedral two weeks after the judge's ruling.[27]

The Chrystal Cathedral sale was finalized on February 3, 2012. Under the terms, Crystal Cathedral Ministries was allowed to lease the cathedral and part of the campus for up to three years; the diocese offered Crystal Cathedral Ministries a longer-term lease at nearby St. Callistus Church. The diocese transferred the St. Callistus parish to the old Garden Grove church on the Crystal Cathedral campus, renaming it Christ Cathedral Parish.[28][29] The campus cemetery was immediately transferred to the diocese, which quickly moved offices into the campus.[29] Bishop Brown stated that the diocese would hire an architect to renovate the interior of the facility to make it suitable for the Catholic liturgy, but that it did not intend to substantially change the exterior.[30]

On June 9, 2012, the diocese announced that new cathedral would be named "Christ Cathedral",[31]with the Reverend Christopher Smith serving as its first rector and episcopal vicar.[32] The church's new patronal name was designated by the Holy See, while suggestions were also taken from the diocese and its members.[33] In October 2012, before the property transfer, the diocese held its first event at the cathedral, the 7th Orange County Catholic Prayer Breakfast [7] The Christ Cathedral Parish would continue until June 2013 to celebrate Masses and other liturgies in the old Garden Grove church, now known as the Arboretum.

Crystal Cathedral Ministries held its final worship service in Crystal Cathedral on June 30, 2013.[34] Its next service was held at the former St. Callistus Church, which it renamed Shepherd's Grove, on July 7, 2013. The congregation, now much reduced, moved to another facility in Irvine, California, in 2018.[35] The St. Callistus Catholic school moved into the former Crystal Cathedral Academy facility, changing its name to Christ Cathedral Academy, in September 2013.[36] Robert Schuller died in 2015.

Renovation and rededication

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Interior of Christ Cathedral following its 2019 dedication

On September 24, 2014, the diocese unveiled plans to remodel the Crystal Cathedral building. Its aim was to preserve the structure's architectural qualities, while extensively remodeling the interior to make it more suitable for the altar-centric Catholic liturgy.[37] The project was overseen by Los Angeles-based design firm Johnson Fain,[37] with William J. Woeger of the teaching congregation De La Salle Brothers serving as principal liturgical consultant.[38]

The cathedral's glass walls were deemed problematic, as they contributed to heat and glare;[39] the diocese's vice president of philanthropy, Tony Jennison, explained that "you could see people fanning themselves and even wearing sunglasses on Hour of Power". It also hampered the ability to illuminate the interior at night, as well as its acoustics. To solve this problem, the architects lined the glass walls with angled quatrefoils. They reduced the amount of heat and outside light entering the building and improved its acoustics. Lights installed on the quatrefoils give the Chrystal Cathedral a shimmering effect at night, described as a "box of stars".[37][40]

The diocese planted crape myrtle trees from the parking lot to the cathedral plazas, symbolizing the "beginning" of holiness in progression to the altar. The Hazel Wright Organ was removed from the cathedral, disassembled and shipped back to Italy for an extensive restoration; it was also painted white so that it would not distract from the altar.[41][6][42] To reflect the diversity of the Catholic community in the region, the diocese placed first-class relics in the reliquary of its altar that were connected to saints of American, Korean, Mexican and Vietnamese descent. These saints included the eight Canadian Martyrs, the Reverend Andrew Dũng-Lạc, the Reverend Junípero Serra, the Reverend Andrew Kim Taegon, and Bishop Rafael Guízar y Valencia.[43] The diocese also installed air conditioning at the Arboretum and seismic retrofitting of the cathedral.[40][39]

From the proceeds of a "For Christ Forever" fundraising campaign held in 2012, the diocese allocated $59 million towards the cost of renovating the cathedral. In 2014, an anonymous benefactor contributed $20 million in additional funding. However, it was later found that the estimates were reached without "serious study or professional recommendations"; in July 2016, it was estimated that the total cost of the renovations, as originally planned, would actually be $108 million. The diocese established a task force to reduce the cost of the project to $72 million, which was accomplished by using a marble veneer altar instead of solid marble, using a lower-cost source of stone of an equivalent quality rather than importing it from Italy, and planning to "keep the bones of the building intact".[44][45]

On May 25, 2017, the diocese signed general contractor Snyder Langston for the renovation, with construction slated to begin on June 1, 2017, and expected to be completed by late-2018.[46] On June 29, 2018, the Bishop of Orange, Kevin Vann, proclaimed a "holy year of preparation" ahead of the solemn dedication.[47] On October 13, 2018, the quatrefoils were blessed and officially illuminated for the first time.[40] The formal dedication Mass was held on July 17, 2019;[48][49][50] at that time, Vann solemnly dedicated the former Crystal Cathedral building as Christ Cathedral and the building canonically assumed that name.[51][52][6] A formal celebration event and Pacific Symphony concert was held on July 13, 2019, ahead of the dedication Mass.[53]

The shrine of Our Lady of La Vang was installed on the grounds in 2021. The 12-foot-tall (3.7 m) statue of the Virgin Mary is capped by a spiraling canopy.[54] The St. Callistus Chapel and Crypts were completed in October 2024. A dedication Mass was held by Bishop Vann on October 14, 2024, with the diocese officially considering the Christ Cathedral project to now be completed.[55][56]

Organ

[edit]

The church's Hazel Wright Organ is the fifth largest pipe organ in the world, with 273 ranks and five manuals.[5] Constructed by Fratelli Ruffatti based on specifications by Virgil Fox and expanded by Frederick Swann, the instrument incorporates the large Aeolian-Skinner pipe organ built in 1962 for New York's Philharmonic Hall (now David Geffen Hall), and the Ruffatti organ which had been installed in the church's previous sanctuary. Swann was organist at the Crystal Cathedral from 1982 to 1998. Following the Crystal Cathedral's final Hour of Power in June 2013, the organ was dismantled for a $2 million refurbishing led by Ruffatti.[57][6][35] Re-installation of the renovated organ was completed in early 2020. Re-voicing was put on hiatus due to the COVID-19 pandemic and resumed at the end of 2021 and the organ's restoration was completed on February 7, 2022. The organ is now regularly used during weekend Masses. A re-dedication concert featuring Hector Olivera was held September 30, 2022.[58]

See also

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References

[edit]
  1. ^ Rojas, Rick (November 26, 2013). "Catholic Renovation of Crystal Cathedral to Begin". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved May 15, 2014.
  2. ^ "Cathedral Transformation FAQs". Archived from the original on March 25, 2019. Retrieved July 29, 2019.
  3. ^ Ferrell, David (April 6, 2015). "Crystal Cathedral founder Robert Schuller achieved his vision, but couldn't sustain it". Orange County Register.
  4. ^ Epstein, Benjamin (May 15, 1996). "Crystal Clear Devotion: Cathedral's Organist Will Be Happy to Solo With Four Seasons Symphony on Home Turf". Los Angeles Times.
  5. ^ a b "The Top 20 – The World's Largest Pipe Organs". Sacred Classics. Archived from the original on October 13, 2018. Retrieved May 15, 2014.
  6. ^ a b c d Esquivel, Paloma (September 24, 2014). "Diocese of Orange unveils planned alterations for former Crystal Cathedral". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved September 25, 2014.
  7. ^ a b Kopetman, Roxana (October 11, 2012). "Catholics stage first event at Crystal Cathedral". Orange County Register. Retrieved September 9, 2018.
  8. ^ Kandil, Caitlin Yoshiko (July 18, 2019). "Crystal Cathedral is reborn as Christ Cathedral, the center of O.C. Catholicism". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved July 18, 2019.
  9. ^ Taxin, Amy (October 18, 2010). "Crystal Cathedral Bankruptcy: Megachurch Files For Chapter 11". Huffington Post. Retrieved May 15, 2014.
  10. ^ Penner, James. Goliath: The Life of Robert Schuller (1992), p. 119.
  11. ^ Schuller, Robert H. "My Journey"
  12. ^ Lindsey, Robert (May 15, 1980). "Opening of Glass Cathedral Is a Feast for Eyes and Ears" (PDF). The New York Times. p. A20. Retrieved March 5, 2010.
  13. ^ "Garden Grove Church". GreatBuildings.com. 1979. Retrieved April 1, 2015.
  14. ^ Smith, Lynn (September 18, 1990). "Garden Grove : Architects Praise Spire at Cathedral". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved April 1, 2015.
  15. ^ Rev. Robert Schuller remembered as dreamer, pastor, dad DesMoines Register. By Amy Taxina. April 20, 2015. Accessed 2023-05-23.
  16. ^ Santa Cruz, Nicole (December 18, 2011). "Crystal Cathedral sale to diocese a milestone; some see a miracle". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved November 14, 2021.
  17. ^ "Crystal Cathedral Owes $7.5M To Small Business Owners". KCBS-TV News. October 16, 2010. Retrieved May 15, 2014.
  18. ^ Bharath, Deepa (May 15, 2014). "Crystal Cathedral, creditors at $7.5 million impasse". The Orange County Register. Retrieved November 18, 2011.
  19. ^ Cathcart, Rebecca (October 18, 2010). "California's Crystal Cathedral Files for Bankruptcy". The New York Times. Retrieved May 15, 2014.
  20. ^ Bharath, Deepa (May 26, 2011). "Crystal Cathedral to be sold to pay millions in debt". The Orange County Register. Retrieved May 27, 2011.
  21. ^ Medlin, Marianne (July 8, 2011). "Southern California diocese considers buying Crystal Cathedral". Catholic News Agency. Retrieved May 15, 2014.
  22. ^ "Orange diocese increases bid for Crystal Cathedral". National Catholic Reporter. Catholic News Agency. August 15, 2011. Archived from the original on March 4, 2016. Retrieved May 15, 2014.
  23. ^ Taxin, Amy (November 17, 2011). "Crystal Cathedral to be sold to Catholic diocese". The Seattle Times. Associated Press. Archived from the original on December 4, 2013. Retrieved May 15, 2014.
  24. ^ Taxin, Amy (November 17, 2011). "Judge approves Crystal Cathedral sale to diocese". San Diego Union Tribune. Archived from the original on June 14, 2018. Retrieved June 14, 2018.
  25. ^ Tornielli, Andrea (November 21, 2011). "New Vatican commission cracks down on church architecture". La Stampa. Archived from the original on May 2, 2012. Retrieved May 15, 2014.
  26. ^ "Cement cubes, glass boxes, crazy shapes". California Catholic Daily. November 22, 2011. Archived from the original on December 3, 2013. Retrieved May 15, 2014.
  27. ^ Gibson, David (January 6, 2012). "Some see Crystal Cathedral's purchase by Catholic diocese as calculated risk". Baptist Standard. Religion News Service. Archived from the original on August 7, 2016. Retrieved May 15, 2014.
  28. ^ Campbell, Ronald (February 4, 2012). "Crystal Cathedral is sold". The Orange County Register. p. Local 1. Retrieved May 15, 2014.
  29. ^ a b "Diocese of Orange Formally Acquires Crystal Cathedral and Adjacent Campus". Diocese of Orange. February 3, 2012. Archived from the original on February 4, 2012.
  30. ^ Medlin, Marianne (November 30, 2011). "A true miracle!". California Catholic Daily. Archived from the original on December 3, 2013. Retrieved May 15, 2014.
  31. ^ Palmer, Melissa (June 9, 2012). "Landmark Crystal Cathedral gets a new name – Christ Cathedral". NBC News. Archived from the original on June 15, 2012. Retrieved May 15, 2014.
  32. ^ "Catholic Diocese of Orange Announces Cathedral Name" (Press release). Diocese of Orange. June 9, 2012. Archived from the original on December 17, 2013. Retrieved May 15, 2014.
  33. ^ Cruz, Nicole Santa (February 3, 2012). "Diocese of Orange officially takes over Crystal Cathedral". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved May 15, 2014.[dead link‍]
  34. ^ Rokhy, Ron (June 30, 2014). "Crystal Cathedral Holds Last Service Before Relocating". NBC Los Angeles. NBCUnviersal Media, LLC. Retrieved May 15, 2014.
  35. ^ a b Baharath, Deepa (May 19, 2017). "Diocese picks contractor for Christ Cathedral's $72 million reconstruction project". Orange County Register. Retrieved June 1, 2017.
  36. ^ Morino, Douglas (September 9, 2013). "Catholic schoolchildren move into former Crystal Cathedral". Orange County Register. Retrieved May 15, 2014.
  37. ^ a b c Hawthorne, Christopher (November 17, 2016). "The Crystal Cathedral redesign: Why tasteful updates add up to architectural disappointment". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved November 21, 2016.
  38. ^ Holman, Jim (January 24, 2013). "Liturgical consultant hired for Orange County's Christ Cathedral". California Catholic Daily. Retrieved November 20, 2024.
  39. ^ a b Paletta, Anthony (September 4, 2019). "The Rebirth of the OC's Crystal Cathedral". Bloomberg.com. Retrieved April 13, 2024.
  40. ^ a b c Goulding, Susan Christian (October 14, 2018). "For Christ Cathedral, heat-deflecting quatrefoils prove to be a blessing". Orange County Register. Retrieved April 13, 2024.
  41. ^ "Christ Cathedral organ getting dismantled for Italy trip". Orange County Register. January 31, 2014. Retrieved January 18, 2018.
  42. ^ Haire, Chris (September 25, 2014). "Redesigned Christ Cathedral: 'You'll be able to see it from a long, long way'". Orange County Register. Retrieved March 28, 2016.
  43. ^ "Holy relics gifted to Christ Cathedral". occatholic.com. Retrieved July 8, 2019.
  44. ^ "Changing course: Diocese works to trim price tag of renovating iconic Christ Cathedral". Orange County Register. April 23, 2016. Retrieved January 17, 2018.
  45. ^ "Christ Cathedral Receives $20M From Anonymous Donor; Catholic Diocese to Renovate Former Crystal Cathedral". Christian Post. December 5, 2014. Retrieved July 10, 2019.
  46. ^ Luppi, Kathleen (May 25, 2017). "Bishop of Orange signs construction contract for renovation of Christ Cathedral". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved July 8, 2019.
  47. ^ Gryboski, Michael (July 3, 2018). "Former Crystal Cathedral Begins 'Holy Year of Preparation' for Grand Opening as Catholic Church". Christian Post. Retrieved July 10, 2019.
  48. ^ "Its remodel underway, Christ Cathedral will look the same — except inside". Orange County Register. June 29, 2018. Retrieved July 8, 2019.
  49. ^ Luppi, Kathleen (May 17, 2018). "Christ Cathedral construction crews celebrate 100,000 accident-free work hours". Los Angeles times. Retrieved January 1, 2019.
  50. ^ "'Nhà Thờ Chính Tòa Chúa Kitô phản ảnh đức tin và lòng sùng kính'". Nguoi Viet Daily News (in Vietnamese). July 17, 2019. Retrieved May 27, 2020.
  51. ^ "Christ Cathedral acquires its first Holy Relic — the bone of a Vietnamese saint". Orange County Register. December 14, 2018. Retrieved January 1, 2019.
  52. ^ Do, Anh (June 29, 2013). "St. Callistus Catholic Church moves to Crystal Cathedral site". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved May 15, 2014.
  53. ^ "Pacific Symphony starts July with a bang". Orange County Register. July 2, 2019. Retrieved July 3, 2019.
  54. ^ Do, Anh (July 15, 2021). "New Lady of La Vang statue expected to attract faithful from around the Vietnamese diaspora". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved July 16, 2021.
  55. ^ "From Crystal Cathedral to Christ Cathedral: Major Renovation Completed After 12 Years". NCR. October 16, 2024. Retrieved November 20, 2024.
  56. ^ "Christ Cathedral opens St. Callistus Chapel and Crypts, and with that its remodel is complete". Orange County Register. October 14, 2024. Retrieved November 20, 2024.
  57. ^ Berg, Tom (May 17, 2013). "How will church fix Cathedral's organ?". Orange County Register. Retrieved May 15, 2014.
  58. ^ "A Year of Hazel - Events & Tickets".
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